Classification  of  computers: basics of computer and its operation; functional components and their interconnections, concept of booting.

Software concepts: Types of Software – system software, utility software and application software

System Software: Operating system, complier, interpreter and assembler

Operating System: Need for operating system, functions of operating system (processor management, memory management, file management and device management), types of operating system-interactive (GUI based), time sharing, real time and distributed, commonly used operating system: UNIX, LINUX, Windows, Solaris, BOSS (Bharat Operating System Solutions); Mobile OS –Android, Symbian.

Utility Software: Anti Virus, File Management tools, Compression tools and Disk Management tools (Disk Cleanup, Disk Defragmenter, Backup).

Open Source Concepts: Open source software, freeware, shareware, proprietary software.

Application Software: Office tools – word processor, presentation tool, spreadsheet package, database management system; domain specific tools – school management system, inventory management system, payroll system, financial accounting, hotel management, reservation system and weather forecasting system.

Number System: Binary, octal, decimal, hexadecimal and conversion between two different number systems.

Internal Storage encoding of Characters: ASCII, ISCII (Indian Scripts Standard Code for Information Interchange), and UNICODE (for multilingual computing)

Microprocessor: Basic concepts, Clock speed (MHz, GHz), 16 bit, 32 bit, 64 bit, 128 bit processors; Types – CISC Processors (Complex Instruction Set Computing), RISC Processors (Reduced Instruction Set Computing), and EPIC (Explicitly Parallel Instruction Computing).

Memory Concepts: Units: Byte, Kilo Byte, Mega Byte, Giga Byte, Tera Byte, Peta Byte, Exa Byte, Zetta Byte, Yotta Byte.

Primary Memory: Cache, RAM, ROM

Secondary Memory: Fixed and Removable storage – Hard Disk Drive, CD/DVD Drive, Pen Drive, Blue Ray Disk.

Input Output Ports/ Connections: Serial, Parallel and Universal Serial Bus, PS-2 port, Infrared port, Bluetooth, Firewire.

Unit 2: Programming Methodology

General Concepts: Clarity and simplicity of expressions, Use of proper names for identifiers, comments, indentation; documentation and program maintenance; running and debugging programs, syntax errors, run-time errors, logical errors

Problem solving methodologies: Understanding of the problem, solution for the problem, breaking down solution into simple steps (modular approach), identification of arithmetic and logical operations required for solution; control structure- conditional control and looping (finite and infinite).

Problem Solving: Introduction to algorithms/flowcharts.

Unit 3: Introduction to Python

Getting Started: Introduction to Python – an integrated high level language, interactive mode and script mode. Data types –Number (Integer – boolean, decimal, octal, hexadecimal; Floating point; Complex), none, Sequence (String,Tuples, List ) Sets, Mapping.

Mutable and Immutable Variables

Variables, Expressions and Statements: Values, Variables and keywords; Operators and Operands in Python: (Arithmetic, relational and logical operators), operator precedence, Expressions and Statements (Assignment statement); Taking input (using raw_input() and input()) and displaying output (print statement); Putting Comments.

Functions: Importing Modules (entire module or selected objects), invoking built in functions, functions from math module (for example, ceil, floor, fabs, exp, log, log10, pow, sqrt, cos, sin, tan, degrees, radians), using random() and randint() functions of random module to generate random numbers, composition.

Defining functions, invoking functions, passing parameters (default parameter values, keyword arguments), scope of variables, void functions and functions returning values, flow of execution

Conditional constructs and looping: if else statement while, for (range function), break, continue, else, pass, nested if, nested loops, use of compound expression in conditional and looping construct.

Unit 4: Programming with Python

Strings: Creating, initialising and accessing the elements; string operators: +, *, in, not in, range slice [n:m]; comparing strings using relational operators; String functions & methods: len, capitalize, find, isalnum, isalpha, isdigit, lower, islower, isupper, upper, lstrip, rstrip, isspace, istitile, partition, replace, join, split, count, decode, encode, swapcase, String constants, Regular Expressions and Pattern Matching

Lists: Concept of mutable lists, creating, initializing and accessing the elements, traversing, appending, updating and deleting elements, composition, lists as arguments

List operations: joining, slicing, + , * , in , not in

List functions and methods: len( ), insert( ), append( ), extend( ), sort( ), remove( ), reverse( ), pop( ), list( ), count( ), extend( ), index( ), cmp( ), max( ), min( )

Dictionaries: Concept of key-value pair, creating, initialising and accessing the elements in a dictionary, traversing, appending updating and deleting elements

Dictionary Functions and methods: cmp( ), len( ), clear( ), get( ), has_key( ), items( ), key( ), update( ), values( ), pop( ), fromkeys( ), dict( )

Tuples: Immutable concept, creating, initialising and accessing elements in a tuple, Tuple assignment, Tuple slices, Tuple indexing,

Tuple Functions: cmp(), len(), max(), min(), tuple(), index(), count(), sum(), any(), all(), sorted(), reversed()

Unit 3: Introduction To C++

Getting Started: C++ character set, C++ Tokens (Identifiers, Keywords, Constants, Operators,), Structure of a C++ Program (include files, main function), Header files – iostream.h, iomanip.h, cout, cin; use of I/O operators (<<and>>), Use of endl and setw ( ), Cascading of I/O operators, compilation , Error Messages; Use of editor, basic commands of editor, compilation, linking and execution.

Data Types, Variables and Constants: Concept of Data types; Built-in Data types: char, int, float and double; Constants: Integer Constants, Character constants – n, t, b), Floating Point Constants, String Constants; Access modifier; Variables of built-in-datatypes, Declaration/Initialization of variables, Assignment statement, Type modifier: signed, unsigned, long

Operator and Expressions: Operators: Arithmetic operators (-,+,*,/,%),Assignment operator(=),C++ shorthands (+=,- =,*=,/=,%=) Unary operator (-), Increment(++) and Decrement (–) Operators, Relation operator (>,>=,<=,=,!=), Logical operators (!,&&,II),Conditional operator; Precedence of Operators; Automatic type conversionin expressions, Type casting;

Unit 4: Programming In C++

Flow of control: 

Conditional statements: if else, Nested if, switch..case..default, Nestedswitch..case, break statement (to be used in switch..case only); Loops: while, do – while, for and Nested loops

Inbuilt Functions

• Standard input/output functions – stdio.h: gets ( ), puts ( )
• Character Functions – Ctype.h: isalnum ( ), isalpha ( ),isdigit ( ), islower ( ), isupper ( ), tolower ( ), toupper ( )
• String Function – string.h: strcpy ( ), strcat ( ), strlen ( ), strcmp ( ), strcmpi ( ), strev ( ),strlen ( ), strupur ( ), strlwr ( )
• Mathematical Functions – math.h: fabs ( ), pow ( ), sgrt ( ), sin ( ), cos ( ), abs ( )
• Other Functions – stdlib.h: randomize ( ), random ( )

Introduction to user-defined function and its requirements.

Defining a function; function prototype, Invoking/calling a function, passing arguments to function, specifying argument data types, default argument, constant argument, call by value, call by reference, returning values from a function, scope rules; local and global variables.

Relating to Parameters and return type concepts in built-in functions.

Structured Data Type:

Arrays: Introduction to Array and its advantages.

One Dimensional Array: Declaration/initialization of One-dimensional array, inputting array elements, accessingarray elements, manipulation of array elements (sum of elements, product of elements, average of elements, linear search, finding maximum/minimum value)

Declaration / Initialization of a String, string manipulations (counting vowels/ consonants/ digits/ special characters, case conversion, reversing a string, reversing each word of a string

Two-dimensional Array: Declaration/initialization of a two-dimensional array,inputting array elements accessing array elements, manipulationof array elements (sum of row element, column elements, diagonal elements, finding maximum / minimum values)

User-defined Data Types: Introduction to user defined data types.

Structure: Defining a Structure, declaring structure variables,accessing structure elements, passing structure to functions as value and reference, function returning structure, array of structure

Defining a symbol name using typedef keyword and defining a macro using #define preprocessor directive.

Unit 1: Object-Oriented Programming with Python 

The concept of Object Oriented Programming: Data Hiding, Data Encapsulation, Class and Object,

Polymorphism, inheritance, advantages of Object Oriented Programming over earlier programming methodologies,

Classes: Defining classes (attributes, methods), creating instance objects, accessing attributes and methods, using built in class attributes (dict, doc, name, module, bases), Constructor( __init()_ _, _ _del()_ _ and _ _ str()_ _) methods in a class, private attributes (limited support), importance of “self” (acts as a pointer to current calling object) operator overloading with methods.

Inheritance:

Concept of base class and derived class: Single, multilevel and multiple inheritance- Overriding methods, using super( ) in derived class to invoke _ _init()_ _ or overridden methods of parent class.

Unit 2: Advance Programming with Python 

Linear List Manipulation: Sequential allocation, traversal,insertion of an element in a sorted list, deletion of an element from the list, searching (linear, binary), sorting (insertion, selection, bubble).

Stacks (List Implementation): Introduction to stack (LIFO Operations), operations on stack (PUSH and POP ) and its implementation in python.

Converting expression from infix to postfix notation and evaluation of postfix expression.

Queues (List implementation) – Introduction to Queue(FIFO) , Operations on Queue (INSERT and DELETE) and its implementation in Python.

Data File

Need for data file, types of data file–text and binary,opening and closing files-open( ), close( ), access modes (output, input, default), file object, access_modes, reading and writing a file read(), readline(), readlines(), write(), writelines file positions (seek(), tell()), renaming and deleting a file.,flush();

Implementation of basic file operations on text and binary file in Python: Creating/writing data into file, reading and displaying data from file, searching for particular data from a file, insertion and deletion of data from an already existing file, modification of data in file.

Error and Exceptions – NameError, IndexError, TypeError, IO Error, ImportError, ValueError,

EOFError.

Generator function using Yield.

Unit 3: Databases and SQL 

Data base Concepts: Introduction to data base concepts and its need.

Relational data model: Concept of domain, tuple, relation, key, primary key, alternate key, candidate key;

Relational algebra: Selection, Projection, Union and Cartesian product;

Structured Query Language:

General Concepts: Advantages of using SQL, Data Definition Language and Data Manipulation

Language;

Data Types: NUMBER/DECIMAL, CHARACTER/VARCHAR/VARCHAR2, DATE;

SQL COMMANDS: CREATE TABLE, DROP TABLE, ALTER TABLE, UPDATE ….SET…., INSERT, DELETE;

SELECT, DISTINCT, FROM, WHERE, IN, BETWEEN, GROUP BY, HAVING, ORDER BY;

SQL functions: SUM ( ), AVG ( ), COUNT ( ), MAX ( ) AND MIN ( ); Obtaining results (SELECT query) from 2 tables using equi-join, Cartesian product and Union

Note: Implementation of the above mentioned commands could be done on any SQL supported software on one or two tables.

Unit 4: Boolean Algebra 

Role of Logical Operations in Computing.

Binary-valued Quantities, Boolean Variable, Boolean Constant and Boolean Operators: AND, OR, NOT; Truth Tables; Closure Property, Commutative Law, Associative Law, Identity law, Inverse Law, Principle of Duality, Idempotent Law, Distributive Law, Absorption Law, Involution Law, DeMorgan’s Law and their applications;

Obtaining Sum of Product (SOP) and Product of Sum (POS) form the Truth Table, Reducing Boolean

Expression (SOP and POS) to its minimal form, Use of Karnaugh Map for minimization of Boolean expressions (up to 4 variables);

Application of Boolean Logic: Digital electronic circuit design using basic Logic Gates (NOT, AND, OR, NAND, NOR)

Use of Boolean operators (NOT, AND, OR) in SQL SELECT statements

Use of Boolean operators (AND, OR) in search engine queries.

Unit 5: Communication Technologies 

Evolution of Networking: ARPANET, Internet, Interspace Different ways of sending data across the network with reference to switching techniques (Circuit and Packet switching).

Data Communication terminologies: Concept of Channel, Bandwidth (Hz, KHz, MHz) and Data transfer rate (bps, Kbps, Mbps, Gbps, Tbps).

Transmission media: Twisted pair cable, coaxial cable, optical fiber, infrared, radio link, microwave link and satellite link.

Network devices: Modem, RJ45 connector, Ethernet Card, Router, Switch, Gateway, wifi card.

Network Topologies and types: Bus, Star, Tree, PAN, LAN, WAN, MAN.

Network Protocol: TCP/IP, File Transfer Protocol (FTP), PPP, SMTP, POP3 Remote Login (Talent), and Internet Wireless/Mobile Communication protocol such as GSM, CDMA, GPRS, and WLL.

Mobile Telecommunication Technologies: 1G, 2G, 3G and 4G; Mobile processors;

Electronic mail protocols such as SMTP, POP3

Protocols for Chat and Video Conferencing VOIP

Wireless technologies such as Wi-Fi and WiMax

Network Security Concepts:

Threats and prevention from Viruses, Worms, Trojan horse, Spams

Use of Cookies, Protection using Firewall, https;

India IT Act, Cyber Law, Cyber Crimes, IPR issues, hacking.

Introduction To Web services: WWW, Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML), Extensible Markup

Language (XML); Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP); Domain Names; URL; Website, Web browser, Web Servers; Web Hosting, Web Scripting – Client side (VB Script, Java Script, PHP) and

Server side (ASP, JSP, PHP), Web 2.0 (for social networking)

E-commerce payment transactions using online banking, mobile banking and payment apps and services.